Metal anode batteries, particular multivalent metal systems including Mg, Ca, and Zn, are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage due to their high natural abundance and superior theoretical energy densities. However, the electrode/electrolyte interphase remains the paramount factor limiting the reversibility and reaction kinetics of multivalent metal deposition/dissolution. Unlike the ionic-conductive interphase demonstrated in monovalent metal (Li and Na) anode systems, conventional electrolytes often form ion-insulating layers on the surface of multivalent anodes, putting a significant barrier for reversible stripping and plating. This talk provides our recent advancements in understanding how the passivation layers impact multivalent ion transport and reduction, and how the interphases evolve during electrochemical cycling. I will also introduce our innovative electrolyte design strategies to stabilize the interfacial chemistry and our insights about correlation between the electrolyte formulations and interfacial dynamics. By presenting a correlation among electrolyte chemistry, interphase properties, and electrochemical performance for multivalent metal anodes, I expect to inspire the research interests among the community to explore this challenging but rewarding field of multivalent metal battery chemistry.
